1882. 431p. by Wilfred C Lay. 

The document outlines the historical evolution of Egypt's population and governance, noting that estimates of the population during ancient times ranged from 6 to 7 million under the Pharaohs, with significant declines attributed to various conquests and internal conflicts. By the 19th century, Clot Bey estimated the population at 3 to 4 million, considering the impacts of revolutions and feuds. The text emphasizes that despite dynastic changes, the core characteristics of the Egyptian populace have remained stable, showcasing their resilience and cultural continuity throughout centuries of oppression and transformation.